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Use virtual function instead of if/qobject_cast cascades.

Reviewed-by: hjk

get away from argument stringlists. instead, use native shell command
lines which support quoting/splitting, environment variable expansion
and redirections with well-understood semantics.

Task-number: QTCREATORBUG-542
Task-number: QTCREATORBUG-1564

This mainly allows for more precise shutdown and tightens the set
of allowed transitions.

This replaces the (de facto) singleton engines and data handlers by classes
that are instantiated per run. The DebuggerRunControl will now create an
object of (a class derived from) DebuggerEngine that contains all the relevant
"dynamic" data.

DebuggerManager is no more. The "singleton" bits are merged into DebuggerPlugin,
whereas the data bits went to DebuggerEngine.

There is no formal notion of a "current" DebuggerEngine. However, as there's
only one DebuggerEngine at a time that has its data models connected to the
view, there's still some "de facto" notion of a "current" engine. Calling
SomeModel::setData(int role, QVariant data) with custom role is used as the
primary dispatch mechanism from the views to the "current" data models
(and the engine, as all data models know their engine).

Reviewed-by: hjk

* We now consistently avoid punctuation when possible
* Renamed usage of "Inferior" and "Program" to "Application" for
  increased readability
* Fixed inconsistent spacing in front of statusbar label

Reviewed-by:hjk

as it turns out, it is not possible to set pending breakpoints until
gdb has loaded as image. so add some hooks to enable adapters to trigger
the initial breakpoint syncing at the right time. do not add additional
states (say, InferiorPreparing), as it would just complicate things.

this includes:
- move the gdb ownership back to the engine (thus strip down the
  adaptors as far as possible)
- make gdb startup synchronous
- make adapter shutdown synchronous
- fix the state transitions relating to shutdown

rename GdbResultRecord into GdbResponse
merge cookie QVariant into GdbResponse
move debugMessage convienience function from individual adapters to base

remove shutdownInferior()
rename shutdownAdapter() into shutdown()
remove errorString()
rename isAdapter() into isTrkAdapter()

remove shutdownInferior(), rename shutdownAdapter() into shutdown()