ffmpeg.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file
 * multimedia converter based on the FFmpeg libraries
 */

#include "config.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdatomic.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#if HAVE_IO_H
#include <io.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"
#include "libswresample/swresample.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavutil/channel_layout.h"
#include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
#include "libavutil/samplefmt.h"
#include "libavutil/fifo.h"
#include "libavutil/hwcontext.h"
#include "libavutil/internal.h"
#include "libavutil/intreadwrite.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/display.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
#include "libavutil/libm.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavutil/timestamp.h"
#include "libavutil/bprint.h"
#include "libavutil/time.h"
#include "libavutil/threadmessage.h"
#include "libavcodec/mathops.h"
#include "libavformat/os_support.h"

# include "libavfilter/avfilter.h"
# include "libavfilter/buffersrc.h"
# include "libavfilter/buffersink.h"

#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#elif HAVE_GETPROCESSTIMES
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_GETPROCESSMEMORYINFO
#include <windows.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_SETCONSOLECTRLHANDLER
#include <windows.h>
#endif


#if HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif

#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <termios.h>
#elif HAVE_KBHIT
#include <conio.h>
#endif

#if HAVE_PTHREADS
#include <pthread.h>
#endif

#include <time.h>

#include "ffmpeg.h"
#include "cmdutils.h"

#include "libavutil/avassert.h"

const char program_name[] = "ffmpeg";
const int program_birth_year = 2000;

static FILE *vstats_file;

const char *const forced_keyframes_const_names[] = {
    "n",
    "n_forced",
    "prev_forced_n",
    "prev_forced_t",
    "t",
    NULL
};

static void do_video_stats(OutputStream *ost, int frame_size);
static int64_t getutime(void);
static int64_t getmaxrss(void);
static int ifilter_has_all_input_formats(FilterGraph *fg);

static int run_as_daemon  = 0;
static int nb_frames_dup = 0;
static unsigned dup_warning = 1000;
static int nb_frames_drop = 0;
static int64_t decode_error_stat[2];

static int want_sdp = 1;

static int current_time;
AVIOContext *progress_avio = NULL;

static uint8_t *subtitle_out;

InputStream **input_streams = NULL;
int        nb_input_streams = 0;
InputFile   **input_files   = NULL;
int        nb_input_files   = 0;

OutputStream **output_streams = NULL;
int         nb_output_streams = 0;
OutputFile   **output_files   = NULL;
int         nb_output_files   = 0;

FilterGraph **filtergraphs;
int        nb_filtergraphs;

#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H

/* init terminal so that we can grab keys */
static struct termios oldtty;
static int restore_tty;
#endif

#if HAVE_PTHREADS
static void free_input_threads(void);
#endif

/* sub2video hack:
   Convert subtitles to video with alpha to insert them in filter graphs.
   This is a temporary solution until libavfilter gets real subtitles support.
 */

static int sub2video_get_blank_frame(InputStream *ist)
{
    int ret;
    AVFrame *frame = ist->sub2video.frame;

    av_frame_unref(frame);
    ist->sub2video.frame->width  = ist->dec_ctx->width  ? ist->dec_ctx->width  : ist->sub2video.w;
    ist->sub2video.frame->height = ist->dec_ctx->height ? ist->dec_ctx->height : ist->sub2video.h;
    ist->sub2video.frame->format = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB32;
    if ((ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 32)) < 0)
        return ret;
    memset(frame->data[0], 0, frame->height * frame->linesize[0]);
    return 0;
}

static void sub2video_copy_rect(uint8_t *dst, int dst_linesize, int w, int h,
                                AVSubtitleRect *r)
{
    uint32_t *pal, *dst2;
    uint8_t *src, *src2;
    int x, y;

    if (r->type != SUBTITLE_BITMAP) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "sub2video: non-bitmap subtitle\n");
        return;
    }
    if (r->x < 0 || r->x + r->w > w || r->y < 0 || r->y + r->h > h) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "sub2video: rectangle (%d %d %d %d) overflowing %d %d\n",
            r->x, r->y, r->w, r->h, w, h
        );
        return;
    }

    dst += r->y * dst_linesize + r->x * 4;
    src = r->data[0];
    pal = (uint32_t *)r->data[1];
    for (y = 0; y < r->h; y++) {
        dst2 = (uint32_t *)dst;
        src2 = src;
        for (x = 0; x < r->w; x++)
            *(dst2++) = pal[*(src2++)];
        dst += dst_linesize;
        src += r->linesize[0];
    }
}

static void sub2video_push_ref(InputStream *ist, int64_t pts)
{
    AVFrame *frame = ist->sub2video.frame;
    int i;

    av_assert1(frame->data[0]);
    ist->sub2video.last_pts = frame->pts = pts;
    for (i = 0; i < ist->nb_filters; i++)
        av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(ist->filters[i]->filter, frame,
                                     AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF |
                                     AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_PUSH);
}

void sub2video_update(InputStream *ist, AVSubtitle *sub)
{
    AVFrame *frame = ist->sub2video.frame;
    int8_t *dst;
    int     dst_linesize;
    int num_rects, i;
    int64_t pts, end_pts;

    if (!frame)
        return;
    if (sub) {
        pts       = av_rescale_q(sub->pts + sub->start_display_time * 1000LL,
                                 AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ist->st->time_base);
        end_pts   = av_rescale_q(sub->pts + sub->end_display_time   * 1000LL,
                                 AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ist->st->time_base);
        num_rects = sub->num_rects;
    } else {
        pts       = ist->sub2video.end_pts;
        end_pts   = INT64_MAX;
        num_rects = 0;
    }
    if (sub2video_get_blank_frame(ist) < 0) {
        av_log(ist->dec_ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Impossible to get a blank canvas.\n");
        return;
    }
    dst          = frame->data    [0];
    dst_linesize = frame->linesize[0];
    for (i = 0; i < num_rects; i++)
        sub2video_copy_rect(dst, dst_linesize, frame->width, frame->height, sub->rects[i]);
    sub2video_push_ref(ist, pts);
    ist->sub2video.end_pts = end_pts;
}

static void sub2video_heartbeat(InputStream *ist, int64_t pts)
{
    InputFile *infile = input_files[ist->file_index];
    int i, j, nb_reqs;
    int64_t pts2;

    /* When a frame is read from a file, examine all sub2video streams in
       the same file and send the sub2video frame again. Otherwise, decoded
       video frames could be accumulating in the filter graph while a filter
       (possibly overlay) is desperately waiting for a subtitle frame. */
    for (i = 0; i < infile->nb_streams; i++) {
        InputStream *ist2 = input_streams[infile->ist_index + i];
        if (!ist2->sub2video.frame)
            continue;
        /* subtitles seem to be usually muxed ahead of other streams;
           if not, subtracting a larger time here is necessary */
        pts2 = av_rescale_q(pts, ist->st->time_base, ist2->st->time_base) - 1;
        /* do not send the heartbeat frame if the subtitle is already ahead */
        if (pts2 <= ist2->sub2video.last_pts)
            continue;
        if (pts2 >= ist2->sub2video.end_pts || !ist2->sub2video.frame->data[0])
            sub2video_update(ist2, NULL);
        for (j = 0, nb_reqs = 0; j < ist2->nb_filters; j++)
            nb_reqs += av_buffersrc_get_nb_failed_requests(ist2->filters[j]->filter);
        if (nb_reqs)
            sub2video_push_ref(ist2, pts2);
    }
}

static void sub2video_flush(InputStream *ist)
{
    int i;

    if (ist->sub2video.end_pts < INT64_MAX)
        sub2video_update(ist, NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < ist->nb_filters; i++)
        av_buffersrc_add_frame(ist->filters[i]->filter, NULL);
}

/* end of sub2video hack */

static void term_exit_sigsafe(void)
{
#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
    if(restore_tty)
        tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
#endif
}

void term_exit(void)
{
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_QUIET, "%s", "");
    term_exit_sigsafe();
}

static volatile int received_sigterm = 0;
static volatile int received_nb_signals = 0;
static atomic_int transcode_init_done = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(0);
static volatile int ffmpeg_exited = 0;
static int main_return_code = 0;

static void
sigterm_handler(int sig)
{
    received_sigterm = sig;
    received_nb_signals++;
    term_exit_sigsafe();
    if(received_nb_signals > 3) {
        write(2/*STDERR_FILENO*/, "Received > 3 system signals, hard exiting\n",
                           strlen("Received > 3 system signals, hard exiting\n"));

        exit(123);
    }
}

#if HAVE_SETCONSOLECTRLHANDLER
static BOOL WINAPI CtrlHandler(DWORD fdwCtrlType)
{
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "\nReceived windows signal %ld\n", fdwCtrlType);

    switch (fdwCtrlType)
    {
    case CTRL_C_EVENT:
    case CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
        sigterm_handler(SIGINT);
        return TRUE;

    case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
    case CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT:
    case CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT:
        sigterm_handler(SIGTERM);
        /* Basically, with these 3 events, when we return from this method the
           process is hard terminated, so stall as long as we need to
           to try and let the main thread(s) clean up and gracefully terminate
           (we have at most 5 seconds, but should be done far before that). */
        while (!ffmpeg_exited) {
            Sleep(0);
        }
        return TRUE;

    default:
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Received unknown windows signal %ld\n", fdwCtrlType);
        return FALSE;
    }
}
#endif

void term_init(void)
{
#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
    if (!run_as_daemon && stdin_interaction) {
        struct termios tty;
        if (tcgetattr (0, &tty) == 0) {
            oldtty = tty;
            restore_tty = 1;

            tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
                             |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
            tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
            tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
            tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
            tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
            tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
            tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;

            tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
        }
        signal(SIGQUIT, sigterm_handler); /* Quit (POSIX).  */
    }
#endif

    signal(SIGINT , sigterm_handler); /* Interrupt (ANSI).    */
    signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler); /* Termination (ANSI).  */
#ifdef SIGXCPU
    signal(SIGXCPU, sigterm_handler);
#endif
#if HAVE_SETCONSOLECTRLHANDLER
    SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE) CtrlHandler, TRUE);
#endif
}

/* read a key without blocking */
static int read_key(void)
{
    unsigned char ch;
#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
    int n = 1;
    struct timeval tv;
    fd_set rfds;

    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
    FD_SET(0, &rfds);
    tv.tv_sec = 0;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;
    n = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
    if (n > 0) {
        n = read(0, &ch, 1);
        if (n == 1)
            return ch;

        return n;
    }
#elif HAVE_KBHIT
#    if HAVE_PEEKNAMEDPIPE
    static int is_pipe;
    static HANDLE input_handle;
    DWORD dw, nchars;
    if(!input_handle){
        input_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
        is_pipe = !GetConsoleMode(input_handle, &dw);
    }

    if (is_pipe) {
        /* When running under a GUI, you will end here. */
        if (!PeekNamedPipe(input_handle, NULL, 0, NULL, &nchars, NULL)) {
            // input pipe may have been closed by the program that ran ffmpeg
            return -1;
        }
        //Read it
        if(nchars != 0) {
            read(0, &ch, 1);
            return ch;
        }else{
            return -1;
        }
    }
#    endif
    if(kbhit())
        return(getch());
#endif
    return -1;
}

static int decode_interrupt_cb(void *ctx)
{
    return received_nb_signals > atomic_load(&transcode_init_done);
}

const AVIOInterruptCB int_cb = { decode_interrupt_cb, NULL };

static void ffmpeg_cleanup(int ret)
{
    int i, j;

    if (do_benchmark) {
        int maxrss = getmaxrss() / 1024;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "bench: maxrss=%ikB\n", maxrss);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < nb_filtergraphs; i++) {
        FilterGraph *fg = filtergraphs[i];
        avfilter_graph_free(&fg->graph);
        for (j = 0; j < fg->nb_inputs; j++) {
            while (av_fifo_size(fg->inputs[j]->frame_queue)) {
                AVFrame *frame;
                av_fifo_generic_read(fg->inputs[j]->frame_queue, &frame,
                                     sizeof(frame), NULL);
                av_frame_free(&frame);
            }
            av_fifo_freep(&fg->inputs[j]->frame_queue);
            if (fg->inputs[j]->ist->sub2video.sub_queue) {
                while (av_fifo_size(fg->inputs[j]->ist->sub2video.sub_queue)) {
                    AVSubtitle sub;
                    av_fifo_generic_read(fg->inputs[j]->ist->sub2video.sub_queue,
                                         &sub, sizeof(sub), NULL);
                    avsubtitle_free(&sub);
                }
                av_fifo_freep(&fg->inputs[j]->ist->sub2video.sub_queue);
            }
            av_buffer_unref(&fg->inputs[j]->hw_frames_ctx);
            av_freep(&fg->inputs[j]->name);
            av_freep(&fg->inputs[j]);
        }
        av_freep(&fg->inputs);
        for (j = 0; j < fg->nb_outputs; j++) {
            av_freep(&fg->outputs[j]->name);
            av_freep(&fg->outputs[j]->formats);
            av_freep(&fg->outputs[j]->channel_layouts);
            av_freep(&fg->outputs[j]->sample_rates);
            av_freep(&fg->outputs[j]);
        }
        av_freep(&fg->outputs);
        av_freep(&fg->graph_desc);

        av_freep(&filtergraphs[i]);
    }
    av_freep(&filtergraphs);

    av_freep(&subtitle_out);

    /* close files */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        OutputFile *of = output_files[i];
        AVFormatContext *s;
        if (!of)
            continue;
        s = of->ctx;
        if (s && s->oformat && !(s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
            avio_closep(&s->pb);
        avformat_free_context(s);
        av_dict_free(&of->opts);

        av_freep(&output_files[i]);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        OutputStream *ost = output_streams[i];

        if (!ost)
            continue;

        for (j = 0; j < ost->nb_bitstream_filters; j++)
            av_bsf_free(&ost->bsf_ctx[j]);
        av_freep(&ost->bsf_ctx);

        av_frame_free(&ost->filtered_frame);
        av_frame_free(&ost->last_frame);
        av_dict_free(&ost->encoder_opts);

        av_parser_close(ost->parser);
        avcodec_free_context(&ost->parser_avctx);

        av_freep(&ost->forced_keyframes);
        av_expr_free(ost->forced_keyframes_pexpr);
        av_freep(&ost->avfilter);
        av_freep(&ost->logfile_prefix);

        av_freep(&ost->audio_channels_map);
        ost->audio_channels_mapped = 0;

        av_dict_free(&ost->sws_dict);

        avcodec_free_context(&ost->enc_ctx);
        avcodec_parameters_free(&ost->ref_par);

        if (ost->muxing_queue) {
            while (av_fifo_size(ost->muxing_queue)) {
                AVPacket pkt;
                av_fifo_generic_read(ost->muxing_queue, &pkt, sizeof(pkt), NULL);
                av_packet_unref(&pkt);
            }
            av_fifo_freep(&ost->muxing_queue);
        }

        av_freep(&output_streams[i]);
    }
#if HAVE_PTHREADS
    free_input_threads();
#endif
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++) {
        avformat_close_input(&input_files[i]->ctx);
        av_freep(&input_files[i]);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
        InputStream *ist = input_streams[i];

        av_frame_free(&ist->decoded_frame);
        av_frame_free(&ist->filter_frame);
        av_dict_free(&ist->decoder_opts);
        avsubtitle_free(&ist->prev_sub.subtitle);
        av_frame_free(&ist->sub2video.frame);
        av_freep(&ist->filters);
        av_freep(&ist->hwaccel_device);
        av_freep(&ist->dts_buffer);

        avcodec_free_context(&ist->dec_ctx);

        av_freep(&input_streams[i]);
    }

    if (vstats_file) {
        if (fclose(vstats_file))
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                   "Error closing vstats file, loss of information possible: %s\n",
                   av_err2str(AVERROR(errno)));
    }
    av_freep(&vstats_filename);

    av_freep(&input_streams);
    av_freep(&input_files);
    av_freep(&output_streams);
    av_freep(&output_files);

    uninit_opts();

    avformat_network_deinit();

    if (received_sigterm) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Exiting normally, received signal %d.\n",
               (int) received_sigterm);
    } else if (ret && atomic_load(&transcode_init_done)) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Conversion failed!\n");
    }
    term_exit();
    ffmpeg_exited = 1;
}

void remove_avoptions(AVDictionary **a, AVDictionary *b)
{
    AVDictionaryEntry *t = NULL;

    while ((t = av_dict_get(b, "", t, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        av_dict_set(a, t->key, NULL, AV_DICT_MATCH_CASE);
    }
}

void assert_avoptions(AVDictionary *m)
{
    AVDictionaryEntry *t;
    if ((t = av_dict_get(m, "", NULL, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Option %s not found.\n", t->key);
        exit_program(1);
    }
}

static void abort_codec_experimental(AVCodec *c, int encoder)
{
    exit_program(1);
}

static void update_benchmark(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    if (do_benchmark_all) {
        int64_t t = getutime();
        va_list va;
        char buf[1024];

        if (fmt) {
            va_start(va, fmt);
            vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, va);
            va_end(va);
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "bench: %8"PRIu64" %s \n", t - current_time, buf);
        }
        current_time = t;
    }
}

static void close_all_output_streams(OutputStream *ost, OSTFinished this_stream, OSTFinished others)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        OutputStream *ost2 = output_streams[i];
        ost2->finished |= ost == ost2 ? this_stream : others;
    }
}

static void write_packet(OutputFile *of, AVPacket *pkt, OutputStream *ost, int unqueue)
{
    AVFormatContext *s = of->ctx;
    AVStream *st = ost->st;
    int ret;

    /*
     * Audio encoders may split the packets --  #frames in != #packets out.
     * But there is no reordering, so we can limit the number of output packets
     * by simply dropping them here.
     * Counting encoded video frames needs to be done separately because of
     * reordering, see do_video_out().
     * Do not count the packet when unqueued because it has been counted when queued.
     */
    if (!(st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && ost->encoding_needed) && !unqueue) {
        if (ost->frame_number >= ost->max_frames) {
            av_packet_unref(pkt);
            return;
        }
        ost->frame_number++;
    }

    if (!of->header_written) {
        AVPacket tmp_pkt = {0};
        /* the muxer is not initialized yet, buffer the packet */
        if (!av_fifo_space(ost->muxing_queue)) {
            int new_size = FFMIN(2 * av_fifo_size(ost->muxing_queue),
                                 ost->max_muxing_queue_size);
            if (new_size <= av_fifo_size(ost->muxing_queue)) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                       "Too many packets buffered for output stream %d:%d.\n",
                       ost->file_index, ost->st->index);
                exit_program(1);
            }
            ret = av_fifo_realloc2(ost->muxing_queue, new_size);
            if (ret < 0)
                exit_program(1);
        }
        ret = av_packet_ref(&tmp_pkt, pkt);
        if (ret < 0)
            exit_program(1);
        av_fifo_generic_write(ost->muxing_queue, &tmp_pkt, sizeof(tmp_pkt), NULL);
        av_packet_unref(pkt);
        return;
    }

    if ((st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && video_sync_method == VSYNC_DROP) ||
        (st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO && audio_sync_method < 0))
        pkt->pts = pkt->dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    if (st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
        int i;
        uint8_t *sd = av_packet_get_side_data(pkt, AV_PKT_DATA_QUALITY_STATS,
                                              NULL);
        ost->quality = sd ? AV_RL32(sd) : -1;
        ost->pict_type = sd ? sd[4] : AV_PICTURE_TYPE_NONE;

        for (i = 0; i<FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(ost->error); i++) {
            if (sd && i < sd[5])
                ost->error[i] = AV_RL64(sd + 8 + 8*i);
            else
                ost->error[i] = -1;
        }

        if (ost->frame_rate.num && ost->is_cfr) {
            if (pkt->duration > 0)
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Overriding packet duration by frame rate, this should not happen\n");
            pkt->duration = av_rescale_q(1, av_inv_q(ost->frame_rate),
                                         ost->mux_timebase);
        }
    }

    av_packet_rescale_ts(pkt, ost->mux_timebase, ost->st->time_base);

    if (!(s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS)) {
        if (pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
            pkt->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
            pkt->dts > pkt->pts) {
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Invalid DTS: %"PRId64" PTS: %"PRId64" in output stream %d:%d, replacing by guess\n",
                   pkt->dts, pkt->pts,
                   ost->file_index, ost->st->index);
            pkt->pts =
            pkt->dts = pkt->pts + pkt->dts + ost->last_mux_dts + 1
                     - FFMIN3(pkt->pts, pkt->dts, ost->last_mux_dts + 1)
                     - FFMAX3(pkt->pts, pkt->dts, ost->last_mux_dts + 1);
        }
        if ((st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO || st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) &&
            pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
            !(st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP9 && ost->stream_copy) &&
            ost->last_mux_dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
            int64_t max = ost->last_mux_dts + !(s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_TS_NONSTRICT);
            if (pkt->dts < max) {
                int loglevel = max - pkt->dts > 2 || st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO ? AV_LOG_WARNING : AV_LOG_DEBUG;
                av_log(s, loglevel, "Non-monotonous DTS in output stream "
                       "%d:%d; previous: %"PRId64", current: %"PRId64"; ",
                       ost->file_index, ost->st->index, ost->last_mux_dts, pkt->dts);
                if (exit_on_error) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "aborting.\n");
                    exit_program(1);
                }
                av_log(s, loglevel, "changing to %"PRId64". This may result "
                       "in incorrect timestamps in the output file.\n",
                       max);
                if (pkt->pts >= pkt->dts)
                    pkt->pts = FFMAX(pkt->pts, max);
                pkt->dts = max;
            }
        }
    }
    ost->last_mux_dts = pkt->dts;

    ost->data_size += pkt->size;
    ost->packets_written++;

    pkt->stream_index = ost->index;

    if (debug_ts) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "muxer <- type:%s "
                "pkt_pts:%s pkt_pts_time:%s pkt_dts:%s pkt_dts_time:%s size:%d\n",
                av_get_media_type_string(ost->enc_ctx->codec_type),
                av_ts2str(pkt->pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, &ost->st->time_base),
                av_ts2str(pkt->dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, &ost->st->time_base),
                pkt->size
              );
    }

    ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(s, pkt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        print_error("av_interleaved_write_frame()", ret);
        main_return_code = 1;
        close_all_output_streams(ost, MUXER_FINISHED | ENCODER_FINISHED, ENCODER_FINISHED);
    }
    av_packet_unref(pkt);
}

static void close_output_stream(OutputStream *ost)
{
    OutputFile *of = output_files[ost->file_index];

    ost->finished |= ENCODER_FINISHED;
    if (of->shortest) {
        int64_t end = av_rescale_q(ost->sync_opts - ost->first_pts, ost->enc_ctx->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
        of->recording_time = FFMIN(of->recording_time, end);
    }
}

/*
 * Send a single packet to the output, applying any bitstream filters
 * associated with the output stream.  This may result in any number
 * of packets actually being written, depending on what bitstream
 * filters are applied.  The supplied packet is consumed and will be
 * blank (as if newly-allocated) when this function returns.
 *
 * If eof is set, instead indicate EOF to all bitstream filters and
 * therefore flush any delayed packets to the output.  A blank packet
 * must be supplied in this case.
 */
static void output_packet(OutputFile *of, AVPacket *pkt,
                          OutputStream *ost, int eof)
{
    int ret = 0;

    /* apply the output bitstream filters, if any */
    if (ost->nb_bitstream_filters) {
        int idx;

        ret = av_bsf_send_packet(ost->bsf_ctx[0], eof ? NULL : pkt);
        if (ret < 0)
            goto finish;

        eof = 0;
        idx = 1;
        while (idx) {
            /* get a packet from the previous filter up the chain */
            ret = av_bsf_receive_packet(ost->bsf_ctx[idx - 1], pkt);
            if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
                ret = 0;
                idx--;
                continue;
            } else if (ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
                eof = 1;
            } else if (ret < 0)
                goto finish;

            /* send it to the next filter down the chain or to the muxer */
            if (idx < ost->nb_bitstream_filters) {
                ret = av_bsf_send_packet(ost->bsf_ctx[idx], eof ? NULL : pkt);
                if (ret < 0)
                    goto finish;
                idx++;
                eof = 0;
            } else if (eof)
                goto finish;
            else
                write_packet(of, pkt, ost, 0);
        }
    } else if (!eof)
        write_packet(of, pkt, ost, 0);

finish:
    if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error applying bitstream filters to an output "
               "packet for stream #%d:%d.\n", ost->file_index, ost->index);
        if(exit_on_error)
            exit_program(1);
    }
}

static int check_recording_time(OutputStream *ost)
{
    OutputFile *of = output_files[ost->file_index];

    if (of->recording_time != INT64_MAX &&
        av_compare_ts(ost->sync_opts - ost->first_pts, ost->enc_ctx->time_base, of->recording_time,
                      AV_TIME_BASE_Q) >= 0) {
        close_output_stream(ost);
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static void do_audio_out(OutputFile *of, OutputStream *ost,
                         AVFrame *frame)
{
    AVCodecContext *enc = ost->enc_ctx;
    AVPacket pkt;
    int ret;

    av_init_packet(&pkt);
    pkt.data = NULL;
    pkt.size = 0;

    if (!check_recording_time(ost))
        return;

    if (frame->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE || audio_sync_method < 0)
        frame->pts = ost->sync_opts;
    ost->sync_opts = frame->pts + frame->nb_samples;
    ost->samples_encoded += frame->nb_samples;
    ost->frames_encoded++;

    av_assert0(pkt.size || !pkt.data);
    update_benchmark(NULL);
    if (debug_ts) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "encoder <- type:audio "
               "frame_pts:%s frame_pts_time:%s time_base:%d/%d\n",
               av_ts2str(frame->pts), av_ts2timestr(frame->pts, &enc->time_base),
               enc->time_base.num, enc->time_base.den);
    }

    ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc, frame);
    if (ret < 0)
        goto error;

    while (1) {
        ret = avcodec_receive_packet(enc, &pkt);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN))
            break;
        if (ret < 0)
            goto error;

        update_benchmark("encode_audio %d.%d", ost->file_index, ost->index);

        av_packet_rescale_ts(&pkt, enc->time_base, ost->mux_timebase);

        if (debug_ts) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "encoder -> type:audio "
                   "pkt_pts:%s pkt_pts_time:%s pkt_dts:%s pkt_dts_time:%s\n",
                   av_ts2str(pkt.pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt.pts, &enc->time_base),
                   av_ts2str(pkt.dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt.dts, &enc->time_base));
        }

        output_packet(of, &pkt, ost, 0);
    }

    return;
error:
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Audio encoding failed\n");
    exit_program(1);
}

static void do_subtitle_out(OutputFile *of,
                            OutputStream *ost,
                            AVSubtitle *sub)
{
    int subtitle_out_max_size = 1024 * 1024;
    int subtitle_out_size, nb, i;
    AVCodecContext *enc;
    AVPacket pkt;
    int64_t pts;

    if (sub->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Subtitle packets must have a pts\n");
        if (exit_on_error)
            exit_program(1);
        return;
    }

    enc = ost->enc_ctx;

    if (!subtitle_out) {
        subtitle_out = av_malloc(subtitle_out_max_size);
        if (!subtitle_out) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Failed to allocate subtitle_out\n");
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    /* Note: DVB subtitle need one packet to draw them and one other
       packet to clear them */
    /* XXX: signal it in the codec context ? */
    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_DVB_SUBTITLE)
        nb = 2;
    else
        nb = 1;

    /* shift timestamp to honor -ss and make check_recording_time() work with -t */
    pts = sub->pts;
    if (output_files[ost->file_index]->start_time != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        pts -= output_files[ost->file_index]->start_time;
    for (i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        unsigned save_num_rects = sub->num_rects;

        ost->sync_opts = av_rescale_q(pts, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, enc->time_base);
        if (!check_recording_time(ost))
            return;

        sub->pts = pts;
        // start_display_time is required to be 0
        sub->pts               += av_rescale_q(sub->start_display_time, (AVRational){ 1, 1000 }, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);